Goths and Huns Overthrow
Western Roman Empire

John wrote "And when he had opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven about the space of half an hour. And I saw the seven angels which stood before God; and to them were given seven trumpets" (Rev. 8:1-2).

Astronomically, Ursa Minor contains seven prominent stars (angels) that stand before Cepheus (enthroned king) forming an alternate bugle constellation and an alternate shofar (ram's horn) constellation. As the sun enters Scorpio, Scorpio blows the west wind into his shofar. As the sun enters Aquarius, Aquarius blows the south wind into his shofar. As the sun enters Taurus, Taurus blows the east wind into his shofar and as the sun enters Leo, Leo blows the north wind into his shofar. Then the three woes keep rotating till all seven shofars are blown. Historically, what does "ABOUT ... HALF an HOUR" mean? If one day is a year of 360 days (Num. 14:34; Ez. 4:6), and if there are "twelve hours in a day" (John 11:9), then 360 divided by 24 gives a "half hour" as 15 days which is 15 years. This describes the comparative peace under Emperor Theodosius the Great in the Roman Empire from 380 when Gratian made peace with the Ostrogoths under Alatheus and Safrac, whose subjects were settled in Pannonia, or from October 3, 382 , when the final treaties with the remaining Gothic forces were signed, to January 17, 395 A.D. when he died which is about 15 years. Then, "before the winter ended, the Gothic nation was in arms that was to subvert the foundations of the Roman Empire" (Gibbon).

Why switch from SEALS to TRUMPETS? Because we have switched from PAGAN emperors to "CHRISTIAN" emperors. What do the TRUMPETS mean? "If the TRUMPET give an uncertain sound, who shall prepare himself for the BATTLE?" (1 Cor. 14:8). TRUMPETS symbolize WAR (Jer. 4:5; Hosea 8:1; Joel 2:1). The FOUR TRUMPETS probably let loose "the FOUR WINDS" (Rev. 7:1). The TRUMPET blast indicated that the camp should move forward (Num. 10); congregate for a festival (Num. 29); or assemble to fight (Num. 10:9).

The ancient city of Jericho prevented Israel from entering into Canaan to establish the Kingdom of God until after "seven trumpets of Ram"s horns" were blown (Joshua 6:16) on the Feast of Unleavened Bread. In the same way, "Rome" or the Roman Empire now becomes "Jericho" preventing Anglo-Saxon Israel from arriving in the British Isles. True Christians are being persecuted by Roman Catholics. Therefore, seven trumpet blasts of punishment are needed (Nu. 10:1-10; Amos 3:6; Zeph. 1:14-16; Joel 2:1). The first six days they marched once around (Joshua 6:11-14) corresponding to the first six seals. The seventh day they marched seven times around (Joshua 6:15-16) corresponding to the seventh seal which contains seven trumpets.

"And another angel came and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints upon the golden altar which was before the throne. And the smoke of the incense, which came with the prayers of the saints, ascended up before God out of the angel's hand" (Rev. 8:3-4).

Astronomically, Aquarius offers incense from his "censer" Bucket on Ara, and the smoke of the Milky Way incense floats before the throne of Cepheus. Huns ate, slept, and eliminated while on horseback and used a composite bow, so are symbolized by Sagittarius. Historically, the incense-offering ritual is described in Leviticus 16:12. This "Angel" must be Jesus the Messiah because in the original Tabernacle in the wilderness, the "golden censer" was found only inside the Ark of the Covenant (a type of Christ) in the Holy of Holies (Heb. 9:4); and none but the High Priest could enter that holiest place. He is the one and only "Mediator between God and men, the Man Christ Jesus" (1 Tim. 2:5) "who ever liveth to make intercession" (Heb. 7:25). This "Angel" gathers the prayers of all the saints or Christian martyrs who were persecuted by the Roman Empire, among which was this prayer recorded in Rev. 6:10: "How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge our blood on them that dwell on the (Roman) earth?" Like incense, these prayers "Ascend up before God." Common priests used silver censers.

"And the angel took the censer, and filled it with fire of the altar, and cast it into the earth: and there were voices, and thunderings, and lightnings, and an earthquake. And the seven angels which had the seven trumpets prepared themselves to sound. The first angel sounded, and there followed hail and fire mingled with blood, and they were cast upon the earth: and the third part of trees was burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up" (Rev. 8:5-7).

The exclusive right of the High Priest of Israel was to have a golden censer in his hand -- so this is Jesus the Messiah (Heb. 4:14). Just as "there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus that all the WORLD (Greek "oikoumene") should be registered" (Luke 2:1) meaning the ROMAN world, so also the "fire" is cast "upon the EARTH" (Greek "ge") (Rev. 8:5) meaning the ROMAN earth -- not the globe. Hail, fire and blood were three of the plagues of Egypt God sent to liberate ancient Israel so they could escape to the Promised Land. Just as hail-storms originate from the cold NORTHEAST and sweep across Europe, Alaric the Goth came from the NORTHEAST. "HAIL" means "BATTLE and WAR" (Job 38:22-23). In Ezekiel 10:2, when "coals of FIRE" were scattered "over the city" of Jerusalem, it meant "I will bring a SWORD upon you saith the Lord God" (Ez. 11:8). "FIRE" cast on the evil Roman Empire is God's "FURY" "because of the evil of your doings" (Jer.21:12).

What were those evils? Worshipping saints, martyrs, angels and relics rather than Christ our Lord. Making priests the "mediators" who "forgive sins." Using images and idols in worship. The pagan Eunapius in 396 A.D. exclaimed, "The monks kneel before dead men's bones, pickled, salted, covered with filth and dust. These are their intercessors with the gods now-a-days." And the Manichaean Faustus in 400 A.D. wrote, "You have but exchanged the old idols for martyrs, and offered to the latter the same prayers as to the former." Pilgrims' prayers were directed "to the bones, the blood, or the ashes of the saints ... They frequented the tombs of the martyrs" (Gibbon). This is demon-worship (Rev. 9:20; 1 Tim. 4:1). To whom much is given, much is required (Luke 12:48; Amos 3:2) whereas God overlooks mistakes done in ignorance (Acts 17:30). The level of responsibility increased as Rome went from pagan to "Christian."

Gibbon says that between 375-476 A.D., "The greater part of the Roman world was shaken by a violent and destructive EARTHQUAKE ... and they considered these alarming strokes as the prelude only of still more dreadful calamities. Alaric's and Rhadagaisus's Gothic revolt, breaking their alliance with Rome in 395 A.D., may also be the "thunders ... lightnings ... EARTHQUAKE" (Rev. 8:5). Emperor Theodosius died in 395 A.D. Alaric's Visigoths then swept down upon the Western Roman Empire and devastated it with fire and sword. Rhadagasius's 250,000-man army of Vandals, Suevi and Burgundians is described by Gibbon: "The consuming flames of war spread from the banks of the Rhine over the greatest part of the seventeen provinces of Gaul; the scene of plenty was suddenly changed into a desert." The historian Claudian compared the invasions by the Goths to a "HAILSTORM." Regarding the Goths, Gibbon says, "Blood and conflagration and the BURNING of TREES and HERBAGE mark their path."

The first four trumpets are Gothic trumpets because they foreshadow four different invasions of Gothic peoples upon the Western section of the Roman Empire to destroy it. Who were the GOTHS? "The old geographer Ortelius, in his description of Tartary, notes the kingdom of Arsareth, where 'the TEN TRIBES retiring took the name of GAUTHEI, because they were very jealous for the glory of God.'" (Lights and Shadows by Elizabeth Wilson, pp.154-155). Tacitus informs us they spoke "the Gallic tongue" which probably got its name from "Galilee" (Isa. 9:1). Perhaps this is why Alaric showed mercy to the Christian churches, while sacking villas and palaces. Through the ministry of Ulphilas, a section of the Goths had accepted Christianity. Naphthalite Huns and Issachar (Sciri) may have been allied to the oriental Huns.

This Western section was one "third part" of the entire Roman Empire. At that time the Roman Empire was divided into three parts -- the Western Roman (Latin), the Eastern Constantinople (Greek), and the middle Illyrian Praefecture (Oriental). During the fourth century, the Empire was on three occasions divided into three parts under the rule of three emperors -- at Constantine's conversion 312 A.D. when it was divided among Constantine, Licinius and Maximin; just before his death in 337 A.D. when it was divided among his three sons Constans, Constantine, and Constantius; and from the years 383 to 387 A.D. History wonderfully confirms the accuracy of the first six trumpets. Three different races, Goths, Arabs and Turks each invaded a different third of the Roman Empire which John predicted long before in Revelation 8 and 9.

In another sense, the western "third" of the empire was part of the "third" empire in succession -- the Eastern Greek empire. Diocletian partitioned the empire in 292 A.D. Constantine named the capital Constantinople in 328 A.D. thereby fulfilling 2 Thess.2:7. The emperor who ruled from Rome was an emperor in name only. He was subject to the ruler of a revived Greek Empire set up at Constantinople. The first four trumpets brought enemies upon an empire which had become Eastern or Greek in character as well as capital, and which is therefore described as "third" rather than "fourth" in the book of Revelation...

In the ten years from 400 to 410 A.D., Alaric's Gothic hordes attacked Gaul, Spain and Italy. The Goths laid Italy waste three times by destroying the green vegetation and fruit trees as they went. Alaric beseiged Rome three times -- 408 A.D., 409 A.D. and 410 A.D. -- the third time destroying the city, sacking it for three days and selling thousands of its inhabitants into slavery. Gibbon describes their siege of Rome in apocalyptic terms: "The inhabitants were awakened by the tremendous sound of the Gothic TRUMPET." Alaric died in 410 A.D. Roman soldiers evacuated from Britain to help save and defend their own empire, leaving Britain built and prepared, but empty, for Anglo-Saxon Israel. Alaric's Goths destroyed not only the VINEYARDS and FARMS but also these Roman soldiers. Figuratively speaking, "All flesh is GRASS" (Isa. 40:6; 51:12) and "the glory of man like the FLOWER" (1 Pet. 1:24; James 1:10). All human rulers are TREES. "The TREE ... it is thou" (Nebuchadnezzar) (Dan. 4:20-22). "The Assyrian was a CEDAR" (Ez. 31:3; Judges 9:8-15). King David sang, "I am like a green OLIVE TREE " (Ps. 52:8). Green trees signify the righteous and dry trees the wicked (Ez. 20:46-47; 21:3-4; Luke 23:31). "Hail, fire and blood" remind us of the plagues upon Egypt to free God's people Israel from heathen tyranny. The Gothic invasions -- the hail of arrows, the fire of torches and arson and the blood of the slain -- caused Roman legions to withdraw from England and Wales, thus freeing British Israel from the yoke of Imperial Rome. Prophetically it is very interesting that Alaric ravaged Greece and entered Athens in triumph. By an edict published at Constantinople, Alaric was declared master general of eastern Illyricum." This promotion was followed by his being crowned king of the Visigoths. Thus Alaric first conquered the "THIRD" part which is Greece -- the THIRD empire -- and then the THIRD part of the fourth empire which was Rome.

"And the second angel sounded, and as it were a great mountain burning with fire (volcano) was cast into the (Roman) sea: and the third part of the (Roman) sea became blood; And the third part of the creatures which were in the (Roman) sea, and had life, died; and the third part of the ships were destroyed" (Rev. 8:8-9).

What does the BURNING MOUNTAIN mean? "Who art thou, O great mountain?" (Zech. 4:7) "O destroying mountain, saith the Lord ... I will ... make thee a burnt (-out) mountain" (an extinct volcano) (Jer. 51:25) describing the aggressive kingdom of Babylon. From 429 to 477 A.D., Genseric threw a large army "into the sea" and his aggressive Vandals waged war on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea from Gaul and Spain. They crossed the Mediterranean from Gibraltar to Africa and burned Hippo in 430 A.D. and conquered Carthage in 439 A.D. Priscus the poet referred to the Vandals as "Burning Byrsa." (Byrsa was the hill on which Carthage was built.) There they built ships and committed piracy against Rome's navy and ships. They captured Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Majorca and Minorca. Rome was sacked (June 15-29, 455 A.D.) and thousands of its inhabitants enslaved. Jerusalem's temple furnishings which Titus had deposited in the Temple of Peace in Rome nearly 400 years ago, were carried off by Genseric to Carthage. The Western Roman navy was defeated in 457 A.D. In 468 A.D. fireships were driven amongst 1,113 ships that had sailed to attack Cathage from Constantinople. In the obscurity of the night, the fire of the Vandal volcano defeated this Eastern Roman navy in 468 A.D. Genseric the Great was known as the "tyrant of the seas." He is reputed to have said, "Let us make for the dwellings of men with whom God is angry." Genseric died in 477 A.D.

"And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star (meteor) from heaven, burning as it were a lamp (torch), and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters; And the name of the star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter" (Rev. 8:10-11).

A falling "STAR" is a short-lived "RULER" (Dan. 8:10; 12:3). A chronicler in 444 A.D. likened Attila (433-453 A.D.) to a baneful meteor that blazed in the heavens that year foreboding a brief period of ruin and WAR. This imagery indicates Attila was Satanic (Luke 10:18; Rev. 12:8-9; Rev. 9:1). Attila ruled over a territory bordered by the Danube, the Volga and the Baltic. He had a large head, square shoulders, swarthy complexion, deep eyes and flat nose. In 450 A.D. he ravaged the upper Danube, and followed the Rhine from Basle to Belgium and made its valley desolate. Attila became known as "the scourge of God." Defeated in the battle of Chalons in 451 A.D., Attila and his Huns made the Alpine lake and river country and the valleys of the Po all desolate (Lombardy). He sacked the cities of Padua, Verona, Milan and Turin. Upon reaching Rome, he was persuaded to turn back by Pope Leo. Refugees were driven to marshy islands where they founded Venice. In 453 A.D. Attila retired to Buda where he died the same year. The absinthe plant -- Wormwood -- grows freely in the Alps and is bitter and is associated with gall in Scripture (cp. Deut. 29:18). Wormwood (Apsinthos) is the name of a river in the Illyrian region ruled by Attila. Therefore, the same name gives us both the local origin of the "great star" and the effect of his war on the Roman third. Attila burnt cities, massacred and enslaved inhabitants and generally caused despair, famine and bitterness. The Huns devastated the inhabitants of the Italian Alps -- the source of the rivers, causing pollution and disease for those who drank. He died in 453 A.D. having had a brief, meteoric career.

Gibbon relates that Attila was "king of the (Mongol) Huns" (3:391), hence a STAR. Gibbon says that ALL of Attila the Hun's major battles were fought on RIVERS. His strategy was to lure Roman armies into crossing the RIVERS after he had feigned a retreat. While the armies were crossing the RIVERS he ordered his troops to attack. Gibbon describes the time when Attila's horse bloodied its foot and upon retracing its steps, he found the point of a sword sticking out of the ground. Digging the sword out he declared it the Sword of MARS having been CAST DOWN from HEAVEN. He then claimed to be the Son of MARS. This fits the symbol of a STAR FALLING from HEAVEN into the rivers and making them bitter by turning them to blood. Romans knew nothing of the Hungarian nation before 440 A.D. About that time a warrior appeared suddenly, like a METEOR, upon the banks of the Danube RIVER, with 800,000 fighting men. They came from central Asia, marched north of the Euxine Sea through Russia, and crossed the RIVER Danube -- the boundary of the Roman Empire. They rushed west, crossed the RIVER Rhine, and on the RIVER Marne met Rome's forces in battle. Blood of the slaughtered made the river run red (from 150 to 300 thousand bodies lay dead). Then they desolated the RIVER Rhine to its mouth. Turning southward, on the banks of the RIVER Rhone, the armies met again in fury. Then on the banks of the RIVER Po, contending for Italy. Victorius, Attila marched south to seize the Imperial prize. Unable to contend longer, Rome sent a priestly deputation to ask him to depart. By rich bribes and by work on his superstition they succeeded, and he retired, made Buda, on the RIVER Danube, his capital, and founded the Hungarian nation. When he died, his followers turned the waters of the Danube from its course, buried him in its bed, and then let them return to flow over the grave of the hero. Beneath the RIVER Danube still lie the bones of the star called Wormwood, that fell upon the RIVERS.

"And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise" (Rev. 8:12).

The fall of Rome in 476 A.D. caused the education, road-building, culture and commerce to fall into chaos for over a thousand years in the West. The "DARK AGES" got their name directly from Revelation 8:12 which describes the western third of the sun, moon and stars "DARKENED." Odoacer was chieftain of the Heruli. His father Edecon had been ambassador and secretary to Attila the Hun. Odoacer was of the Arian Christian sect which denied the Deity of the Lord Jesus. He received a prophecy from a hermit who said, "Go to Italy and you shall rise to honour and cast away your coarse garment of skin for nobler vestures and your wealth will be equal to the liberality of your mind." Odoacer brought his mercenaries and quickly rose to be a general in the Western Roman Empire. Odoacer's Heruli finally conquered Rome itself terminating Imperial rule by banishing Emperor Romulus Augustulus in 476 A.D. By a strange coincidence the names of the two great founders of the city and the monarchy were united in their last emperor. Jerome said, "The world's glorious sun has been extinguished." Odoacer governed Italy from 476 to 490 A.D. Theodoric the Ostrogoth destroyed the Heruli and their kingdom at Rome and Ravenna and ruled Italy as an independent sovereign from 493 to 526 A.D. The Kingdom of Lombardy was set up in 570 A.D. If the sun is the supreme ruler, the moon and stars are subordinate rulers (Gen. 37:9-10). There is a parallel here between the punishment on Pagan Rome (Rev. 8:7,8,10,12) and the punishment on Papal Rome (Rev. 16.). In both the same four symbols are used: "Earth," "Sea," "Rivers" and "Sun" (ruler). See Isaiah 13:10, Amos 8:9 and Acts 2:20. After 476 A.D. the Roman Empire divided into ten independent nations, the feet of ROMAN IRON and GOTHIC CLAY (Dan. 2:42). "We (ISRAEL) are the CLAY" (Isa. 64:8; cp. Jer. 18-19 & Rom. 9:21). Today their names are Germany, Austria, France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Holland, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Portugal. Israelite clay is mixed in these nations.

In 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4 we read "That man of sin (shall) be revealed, the son of perdition; who opposeth and EXALTETH HIMSELF ABOVE all that is CALLED GOD, or that is WORSHIPPED; so that he AS GOD sitteth in the TEMPLE of GOD (Naos), showing himself that HE IS GOD."

First of all, the "temple of God" in the original Greek is not the Jewish Temple. It is "Ho Naos touTheou" while the word used for the Jewish Temple is "Hieron." The word "Naos" means "a dwelling" and is defined in Ephesians 2:20-22, 2 Thessalonians 2:4, 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 and 2 Corinthians 6:16 as the "Church." "Know ye not that YE ARE the TEMPLE (Naos) of GOD, and that the spirit of God dwelleth in you? If any man defile the temple (Naos) of God, him shall God destroy: for the temple of God is holy, which TEMPLE (Naos) YE ARE" (1 Cor. 3:16-17). Second, what is "CALLED GOD" or "WORSHIPPED" in the Catholic Church? Any Catholic would immediately say "the HOST." There are many idols in that church, but only one thing called "GOD" -- the WAFER used in Mass, which is truly WORSHIPPED by all faithful Catholics. Catholics even PRAY to it. Third, at the time of the coronation of a new Pope, the host is consecrated and placed on the high altar in St. Peter's at Rome. It is now CALLED GOD. ABOVE the high altar there is a THRONE built into the architecture. When the mass is over, "The Pope rises and wearing his mitre, is LIFTED by the cardinals, and is placed by them UPON the altar to sit there. One of the bishops kneels and begins the Te Deum (we praise thee Oh God). In the meantime the cardinals kiss the feet of the Pope" (Ceremoniale Romanum by Marcelles, 16th cent. Archbishop). This ceremony is called by Roman Catholic writers "the Adoration" and has been observed for many centuries. For Pius IX a medal was struck to celebrate the occasion, and on it is the inscription "Quem creant adorant" or "whom they create (viz. the Pope) they adore." Such language is blasphemous in the extreme. During the coronation of a new Pope there are no less than five distinct adorations, at each of which the canons and clergy of St. Peter's, with their cardinal high priest leading them, come and kneel before the Pope and kiss his feet. At this time also the Pope is CARRIED UP to the THRONE ABOVE the high altar where he sits literally "ABOVE that which is CALLED GOD." Fourth, does the Pope actually exalt himself verbally above God? Pope Pius XI said, "You know that I am the Holy Father, the representative of God on the earth, the vicar of Christ, which means that I am God on earth" ("The Bulwark" October 1922, p. 104). "A holy priest is a savior and another christ" (The Priest, His Dignity and Obligations, St. John Eudes, p.12). "There is more certainty in doing the will of God by obedience to superiors than by obedience to Jesus Christ, should He appear in person to give His commands" (Liguori's True Spouse of Christ, pp. 93 & 162). Pope Nicholas said, "I am all in all and above all, so that God Himself, and I, the Vicar of God, have both one consistory, and I am able to do almost all that God can do ... Wherefore, if those things that I do be said not to be done of man, but of God, what can you make me but God? Again, if prelates of the church be called and counted of Constantine for gods, I then, being above all prelates, seem by this reason to be above all gods. Wherefore, no marvel if it be in my power to dispense with all things, yea, with the precepts of Christ." (End of Age, p.191) Pope Pius X in 1895 said, "The Pope is not only the representative of Jesus Christ, but he is Jesus Christ Himself hidden under the veil of the flesh. Does the Pope speak? It is Jesus Christ who speaks. Does the Pope accord a favour or pronounce an anathema? It is Jesus Christ who pronounces the anathema or accords the favour. So that when the Pope speaks we have no business to examine. We have only to obey. We have no right to criticize his decisions or discuss his commands. Therefore, everyone who would wear the crown ought to submit himself to Divine Right." Fifth, is the antichrist an individual or a dynasty? Daniel 7:17 speaks of four world-ruling empires and says, "These great beasts which are four are FOUR KINGS which shall arise out of the earth." Does this mean four individual kings? No. Instead it refers to the Babylonian, Medo-Persian, Greek and Roman Empires all ruled by a DYNASTY over each. Again the ten horns of Daniel 7:20,24 are proven by fulfillment to be ten kingdoms into which the western Roman Empire was divided at its fall. These ten kingdoms are called "KINGS" (Dan. 7:24), yet they have each existed 14 centuries as a SUCCESSION of KINGS. Side by side with these a little horn "which had eyes (the See of Rome), and a mouth that spake very great things" ran its course. Therefore, this antichrist is a SUCCESSION of POPES.

In 2 Thessalonians 2:7 we read that "he who now hindereth will continue to hinder until he be taken out of the way. And then shall that wicked one be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume." Pagan Roman Caesars hindered until they were taken out of the way in 476 A.D. Then Papal Rome was able to take their place and be revealed. In the same way, American presidents stand for freedom of religion and separation of church and state. Until they are taken out of the way, they will hinder the rise of an intolerant Catholic America.

"And I beheld, and heard an angel flying through the midst of heaven, saying with a loud voice, Woe, woe, woe, to the inhabiters of the (Roman) earth by reason of the other voices of the trumpet of the three angels, which are yet to sound!" (Rev. 8:13).

Astronomically Pegasus the flying horse may say "Woe, woe, woe" as he gallops endlessly. Historically the first four Trumpets (stages in decline of "Christian" Roman Emperors), like the first four Seals (stages in decline of the pagan Roman Emperors), stand apart from the last three, and resemble one another. The three woes are:
1. Fifth Trumpet: Arabs conquer the Southern third of the Roman Empire.
2. Sixth Trumpet: Turks conquer the Eastern third of the Roman Empire.
3. Seventh Trumpet: The French Revolution.

Notice that the first six trumpets of Revelation 8 and 9 predicted the division of the Roman Empire into thirds. The Goths conquered the Western third of the Roman Empire which we've just covered. Arabs conquered the southern third and Turks the eastern third as we shall see. The Roman world was divided into THREE PARTS for about 1000 years: "From the age of Charlemagne to that of the Crusades, the world was occupied and disputed by the THREE great EMPIRES, or nations of the Greeks, Saracens, and the Franks" (Gibbon, ch.53). "The THREE great NATIONS of the world, theGreeks, the Saracens, and the Franks, encountered eachother on the plains of Italy" (ch. 56). "THREE CLASSES of men are conspicuous, the Saracens or Arabians, the Latins or Franks, inhabitants of Western Europe, and the Byzantine Greeks" (Phil. Inquiries, part III). The first four trumpets by the barbarians are covered in just six verses suggesting a SHORT time period. But the 5th and 6th trumpets occupy 21 verses indicating a much LONGER time period.

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